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1.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 38(1): 75-79, jan.-mar. 2009. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519096

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivo: O tratamento inadequado da dor pós-operatória resulta em aumento da morbimortalidade. A morfina é o analgésico opióide de primeira escolha no tratamento da dor aguda de grande intensidade, como é a dor pós-operatória. No Brasil, tem ocorridoa subutilização da morfina, que é substituída por analgésicos mais fracos ou com menor eficácia comprovada.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a freqüência da utilização de analgésicos em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos em um hospital do sul de Santa Catarina, analisando o grau de satisfação dos pacientes em relação à analgesia no manejo da dor pós-operatória. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológicodescritivo e transversal com 98 pacientes entrevistados no pós-operatório, após submeterem-se a cirurgias ortopédicas, cesarianas ou histerectomias no referido hospital,no período de março a agosto de 2006.Resultados: A média de idade dos entrevistados foi de 41,5 anos ± 21,7 anos. Dos pacientes selecionados,56,1% realizaram cirurgia ortopédica, 40,8% cesariana e 3,1% histerectomia. O medicamento prescrito com maiorfreqüência foi o cetoprofeno e a principal associação utilizadafoi tramadol e fármaco não-opióide em 28% dos casos. Nenhum paciente utilizou morfina. Na escala numéricade dor, a média constatada foi de 4,4 ± 2,6, sendo esta considerada dor de moderada intensidade. Conclusões: Para o tratamento da dor pós-operatória têm sido empregados analgésicos não-opióides, primordialmente antiinflamatórios não-esteroidais, queeventualmente são associados a opióides fracos como o tramadol. No entanto, o relato de dor de moderada intensidade e o surgimento de reações adversas indicam escolha inadequada e não racional dos analgésicos utilizadosno tratamento da dor pós-operatória.


Background and objective: The inadequate treatment of postoperative pain results in the increase of patientmorbimortality. Morphine is the first choice of opioid analgesics in the treatment of acute pain of greatintensity, such as postoperative pain. In Brazil morphine has been underutilized, being substituted by weaker or less effective analgesics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency use of analgesics by patients submitted to surgical procedures in a hospital in South of Brazil, analyzing their degree of satisfaction with analgesia in handling postoperative pain. Methods: A descriptive, prospective and transversalepidemiological study was conducted with 98 patients interviewed in the postoperative phase, after beingsubmitted to orthopedic surgery, caesarean section or hysterectomy in the hospital, between March and August,2006. Results: The median age was 41.5 and standard deviation was ± 21.7. Of the selected patients, 56.1%had been submitted to orthopedic surgery, 40.8% to caesarian section and 3.1% to hysterectomy. The most frequently prescribed medicine was cetoprofen and tramadol was the main association used with non-opioid agentin 28% of the cases. In the numerical pain scale, the mean found was 4.4, standard deviation was 2.6, whichis considered moderate-intensity pain.Conclusions: Non-opioid analgesics, primarily nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are eventually associated with weak opioids such as tramadol, have been used for the treatment of postoperative pain. However, reports of moderate intensity pain and the emergence of adverse reactions indicate inappropriate choice and non-rational use of analgesics for the treatmentof postoperative pain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Analgesia , Morphine , Pain Measurement , Pain, Postoperative , Analgesia/statistics & numerical data , Analgesia , Pain, Postoperative/surgery , Pain, Postoperative/diagnosis , Pain, Postoperative/metabolism , Morphine/administration & dosage , Morphine/metabolism
2.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 37(1): 18-24, jan.-mar.2008. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-490942

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O alívio da dor impõe-se não como apenas uma necessidade de ordem ética e moral, mas também em decorrência das conseqüências deletérias da dor não tratada. A analgesia pós-cirúrgica é parte fundamental do tratamento do paciente.Objetivo: Avaliar a dor aguda no pós-operatório imediato. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo e transversal. Foram entrevistados, durante 3 meses,pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de grande porte de 5 especialidades. A dor de cada indivíduo foi avaliada, entre20 a 30 horas após a cirurgia, através da Escala Numérica de Dor, com valores entre 0 (ausência de dor) e 10 (piordor possível) e observando as medicações analgésicas prescritas.Resultados: A incidência de dor pós-operatória foi de 73,2%, dentre os 142 pacientes entrevistados. O valor médio da intensidade de dor encontrado foi de 3,71. Dividindo os pacientes em 3 grupos, quanto à intensidade da dor apresentada, 26,0% dos mesmos referiram dor fraca, 46,2% dor moderada e 27,9%, dor forte. Analgésicos simples foram os medicamentos mais utilizados (77,5%) e, em seguida, os AINES (69,7%).Opióides fracos ou moderados foram utilizados em 56,3% das vezes. Apenas 3,5% dos pacientes utilizaram opióidesfortes. Conclusões: Percebeu-se nesse estudo uma subadministração de todas as classes de analgésicos, explicando a elevada incidência de dores fracas,moderadas e fortes nas diversas especialidades cirúrgicas.


Background: The pain relief is imposed not as only one ethical and moral order necessity, but also in result of the deleterious consequences of not treated pain. The after-surgical analgesia is a basic part of patientÆs treatment.Objective: To evaluate acute pain in thepostoperative immediate. Methods: It is a prospective and cross-sectional study.A questionnaire was used to interview patient submitted to the medium-sized and major surgeries of 5 specialties.The pain of each individual was avaluated, between 20 and 30 hours after the surgery, through of Pain Numerical Scale, with values between 0 (pain absence) and 10 (worse possible pain), and observing prescribedanalgesics medications. Results: The postoperative incidence of pain was73,2% between 142 interviewed patients. The average value of pain intensity was 3,71. Dividing the patients in 3 groups, in relation to the presented pain intensity, 26.0% of them had related weak pain, 46.2% moderate and27.9% strong pain. Simple analgesics were the most used medications (77,5%), and, after that, AINES (69,7%). Weak and moderate opioids had been used in 56,3% of the times. Only 3,5% of the patients had beenused strong opioids. Conclusions: Based on this data, a reduced administration of all analgesics types was observed,explaining the raised incidence of weak, moderate and strong pains in the diverse surgical specialties.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Analgesia/methods , Pain, Postoperative/metabolism , Pain Measurement/methods , Chi-Square Distribution
3.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-1033

ABSTRACT

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is regarded as gold standard therapy for symptomatic gall stone disease. This study was done to compare the metabolic and stress responses between open and lapraroscopic cholecystectomy and to evaluate their significance in postoperative recovery. Thirty patients with symptomatic gall stone disease were treated with open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy on elective basis (14 versus 16). Three samples of blood were collected from each patient to investigate serum cortisol, adrenaline, nor-adrenaline, C-reactive protein and blood glucose level. The mean age of patients was 41.86+/-10.13 blood glucose and stress hormones (cortisol, adrenaline, nor adrenaline) and C-reactive protein all were found significantly raised in the postoperative period in open cholecystectomy than laparoscopic cholecystectomy group. The postoperative recovery was also prolonged in the open group. The obvious clinical advantages of laparoscopic cholecystectomy over open cholecystectomy is mainly because of less metabolic and stress response.


Subject(s)
Adult , Blood Glucose/analysis , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Cholecystectomy/adverse effects , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Cholecystolithiasis/surgery , Epinephrine/blood , Female , Humans , Hydrocortisone/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Norepinephrine/blood , Pain, Postoperative/metabolism , Postoperative Complications/metabolism , Prospective Studies , Stress, Physiological/blood , Wounds and Injuries/blood
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